Civitanova Marche, the ancient Cluana, was already settled in Roman times, along the Adriatic coast, at the mouth of the River Chienti (Cluentum), while Cluentensis Vicus, the present-day Civitanova Alta, was established on a hill 6 km from the sea. Neither Cluana nor Vicus survived the invasions of the Barbarians and the Greek-Gothic War.
Towards the end of the 11th century, the municipality of Civitanova was established as part of the March of Fermo, subject to the Holy See.
Between the 14th and 15th centuries Civitanova was under the dominions of the House of Malatesta, Francesco Sforza, Cesare Borgia and, for a long period, the Da Varano di Camerino family.
In 1507 Civitanova gave birth to Annibal Caro, the great scholar and translator of the Aeneid. In 1551 the town, by now completely incorporated within the Papal State, was given in fief by Pope Julius III to the Roman gonfalonier, Giuliano Cesarini. Civitanova soon acquired the title of dukedom and a large ducal palace was built in the square of Civitanova Alta.
The Cesarini, who became known as the Sforza-Cesarini in the 17th century, maintained possession of their fiefdom until 1817.
Civitanova Alta grew up in the 18th century in particular, when many noble residences were built, old churches were renovated and part of the city within the walls was restructured.
During the Risorgimento period, Civitanova made its contribution to the national cause through patriotic figures such as the marquis Giacomo Ricci and Pierfrancesco Frisciotti.
Following the Unification of Italy, the small fishing village of Porto Civitanova which had grown up on the coast expanded to become a port, and later a thriving industrial center with the construction of the rail link with northern Italy.
Porto Civitanova separated from the upper town in 1913, and was later reunited with it in 1938, under the name Civitanova Marche.
There was a further separation in 1945, followed by final reunification in 1952.
Various sectors of the city’s economy grew substantially after the Second World War: firstly, the traditional fishing industry, thanks to the construction of the port-harbour, then seaside tourism, Trade also grew considerably alongside industry.
In regard to industry, the engineering sector should be mentioned, particularly the Cecchetti factories, which became SGI in 1956 and continued their activity until the 1990s, and above all, the shoemaking industry, which experienced a real boom, putting Civitanova on the map thanks to the annual shoe fair and, in recent decades, the various internationally recognised designer labels. The vitality of its economy, which today is increasingly centred on trade and services, its lively cultural life and the presence of schools of every level and grade, including a separate campus of the University of Macerata, have enabled Civitanova Marche to establish its image as a modern and dynamic city and become a centre of reference for the large surrounding area.
Today, Civitanova Marche has two vibrant centers: the coastal area with its thriving shops and tourist attractions, and the hillside town with its traditional, historic focus and dynamic cultural influences.